Microencapsulation: for enhanced textile performance

23 pages, published in Issue 12, 1st Quarter 2005   Report price: Euro 395.00; US$ 520.00

Microencapsulation of liquids and solids is an innovative micropackaging technology which is opening up new marketing opportunities for performance apparel markets. Microencapsulation involves the production of microcapsules which act as tiny containers of solids or liquids. These containers release their core contents under controlled conditions to suit a specific purpose. The microcapsules are produced by depositing a thin polymer coating on small solid particles or liquid droplets, or on dispersions of solids in liquids. The core contents—the active substance—may be released by friction, by pressure, by diffusion through the polymer wall, by dissolution of the polymer wall coating, or by biodegradation.

Although microencapsulation methods have been in existence since the 1940s it was not until the 1980s and 1990s that applications for textiles were developed. The technique has made considerable progress in the fields of phase-change materials for thermoregulation, in aromatherapy, and in the controlled release of fragrances. A new field is opening up for cosmeto-textiles which are capable of imparting skin care benefits, combating ageing, and promoting a feeling of wellness or well-being. Thermochromic and photochromic dyes have been used to make garments which change colour when they are exposed to temperature changes or sunlight. Anti-microbial and deodorising finishes offer great potential for freshness retention during wear for intimate apparel, and for garments worn during periods of strenuous activity. The controlled release of active substrates also offers opportunities in the medical textiles field. Insect-repellent and insect-resist treatments demonstrate higher levels of performance if microencapsulated. Flame retardant finishes could be microencapsulated to improve the durability of the treatment to leaching, domestic washing and dry cleaning. There is also greater interest in developing substantially enhanced chemical protection for the military and other users, particularly for chemical decontamination of hazardous chemicals and chemical warfare agents.

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